Rogers's (1951) assertion that high self-esteem is associated with a comparable regard for others, the tendency for individuals to evaluate the self in more favorable terms than they evaluated people in general was particularly pronounced among those with high self-esteem. Individuals displayed a pronounced “self-other bias,” such that positive attributes were rated as more descriptive of self than of others, whereas negative attributes were rated as less descriptive of self than of others.
#Word for unrealistic optimism series
In Experiment 1, subjects rated a series of valenced trait adjectives according to how well the traits described the self and others. Three investigations are reported that examined the relation between self-appraisals and appraisals of others. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved) Observer Ss overestimated others' completion times and made greater use of relevant past experiences. Ss attributed their past prediction failures to external, transient, and specific factors.
The optimistic bias was eliminated for Ss instructed to connect relevant past experiences with their predictions. Think-aloud procedures revealed that Ss focused primarily on future scenarios when predicting their completion times. Ss' predictions of their completion times were too optimistic for a variety of academic and nonacademic tasks. Five studies were conducted with a total of 465 undergraduates. Send us feedback.Tested 3 hypotheses concerning people's predictions of task completion times: (1) people underestimate their own but not others' completion times, (2) people focus on plan-based scenarios rather than on relevant past experiences while generating their predictions, and (3) people's attributions diminish the relevance of past experiences. These example sentences are selected automatically from various online news sources to reflect current usage of the word 'optimism.' Views expressed in the examples do not represent the opinion of Merriam-Webster or its editors. 2022 Dembik included, however, a note of optimism in his report.Ĭolin Lodewick, Fortune, 9 Aug. 2022 Strategists at Citigroup note that analyst levels of optimism, based on the number of stock buy recommendations, are back to the 20 market peaks. 2022 After months of auditioning teenagers who might lend this rueful morality tale a note of optimism without losing the rue, the role of Mary Flynn proved hardest to fill - until the creative team heard Morrison. 2022 Yet our issue this month presents a message of optimism, with one exception. 2022 Bessner suggests a path forward that aims to be practical at the cost of optimism, at a moment when the individual seems to lack any semblance of political agency.ĭaniel Bessner, Harper’s Magazine , 5 Aug.
2022 Little has gone to plan for the Sox this season and Cora is trying to retain a sense of optimism. 2022 The Chicago Bears seem to be creating an identity with flashes of optimism.ĭan Wiederer, Chicago Tribune, 20 Aug. Recent Examples on the Web As alarms over inflation and a possible recession sounded in recent months, a stock market rally offered a source of optimism - until this week.
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